{ "meta": { "title": "Indo-Pacific Air Mobility Tracker", "snapshot": "July 2026", "snapshot_date": "2026-07-13", "source": "AAM LAE Tracker Database 13 July 2026.xlsx + Country Cards & Source Edits.docx + AAM Reference List 13 July 2026.docx", "rubric": { "0": "None visible", "1": "Drone/UAS only", "2": "AAM discussion", "3": "AAM working group/ConOps", "4": "Sandbox or official trials", "5": "Operational pathway/regional leadership" }, "capability_order": [ "No", "Planned", "Emerging", "Limited", "Yes" ], "counts": { "countries": 17, "asean": 11, "score_4plus": 8 } }, "references": [ { "citation": "7A Drones. (n.d.). 7A Drones. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://7adrones.com/en", "url": "https://7adrones.com/en" }, { "citation": "AeroMorning. (2026, February 13). SkyDrive reaches general understanding with 7A Drones. 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Trials for air taxis in India will begin by 2026, says Aviation Minister. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://zagdaily.com/zag-air/trials-for-air-taxis-in-india-will-begin-by-2026-says-aviation-minister/", "url": "https://zagdaily.com/zag-air/trials-for-air-taxis-in-india-will-begin-by-2026-says-aviation-minister/" } ], "countries": [ { "id": "china", "name": "China", "region": "East Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "CAAC", "stage": "Commercializing/implemented", "score": 5, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "High", "is_china": true, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "High", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Medium" }, "foreign_firms": [ "EHang", "AutoFlight", "XPeng AeroHT", "DJI", "Meituan", "JD Logistics" ], "domestic_firms": [ "EHang", "AutoFlight", "XPeng AeroHT", "DJI", "Meituan", "JD Logistics" ], "use_cases": [ "urban air taxi", "tourism", "logistics", "emergency services" ], "investment_summary": "National LAE push; large domestic drone/eVTOL ecosystem; formal unmanned aircraft rules effective 2026-07-01; EHang has TC/PC/AC/AOC.", "key_observation": "Benchmark case for LAE governance and commercialization.", "summary": "China is the global leader in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) and the broader Low-Altitude Economy (LAE), combining national industrial policy, extensive public and private investment, a large domestic manufacturing base, and the most advanced certification record in the region. China’s low-altitude economy extends well beyond passenger eVTOL services to include drones, logistics, agriculture, public safety, and supporting infrastructure. The certification of EHang’s EH216-S, including type, production, and standard airworthiness certification, together with the emergence of operator approvals and strengthened national drone legislation, demonstrates a level of regulatory and commercial progression not yet matched elsewhere in Asia. China therefore remains the benchmark for integrating industrial policy, certification, infrastructure, and early commercial deployment, although its pilotless operating model may not be readily transferable to other regulatory systems.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Administration of China. (n.d.). Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.caac.gov.cn/English/", "url": "https://www.caac.gov.cn/English/" }, { "citation": "Crunkhorn, N., & Kominowski, S. (2025, April 1). 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Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://daxueconsulting.com/china-low-altitude-economy/", "url": "https://daxueconsulting.com/china-low-altitude-economy/" }, { "citation": "East Asian Institute, National University of Singapore. (2026, February 27). The rapid rise of China's low-altitude economy. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EAI-Background-Brief-No.-1874-The-Rapid-Rise-of-Chinas-Low-Altittude-Economy.pdf", "url": "https://research.nus.edu.sg/eai/wp-content/uploads/2026/02/EAI-Background-Brief-No.-1874-The-Rapid-Rise-of-Chinas-Low-Altittude-Economy.pdf" }, { "citation": "Swiss Re Institute. (2024, November 25). Insuring the low-altitude airspace economy in China. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/topics-and-risk-dialogues/china/insuring-low-altitude-airspace-economy-china.html", "url": "https://www.swissre.com/institute/research/topics-and-risk-dialogues/china/insuring-low-altitude-airspace-economy-china.html" }, { "citation": "Vertical Flight Society. (2024, October 31). China eVTOL aircraft round-up. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://evtol.news/news/china-evtol-aircraft-round-up", "url": "https://evtol.news/news/china-evtol-aircraft-round-up" }, { "citation": "Reuters. (2025, December 27). China revises aviation law to regulate drones, tighten safety rules. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-revises-aviation-law-regulate-drones-tighten-safety-rules-2025-12-27/", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/china-revises-aviation-law-regulate-drones-tighten-safety-rules-2025-12-27/" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (n.d.). EH216-S airworthiness. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/ehang216s/airworthiness/", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/ehang216s/airworthiness/" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2025, March 30). EHang’s EH216-S eVTOL operators obtain air operator certificates. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1196.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1196.html" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2024, April 7). EHang secures production certificate from CAAC, clearing path for mass production of EH216-S pilotless eVTOL aircraft. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ehang-secures-production-certificate-caac-clearing-path-mass", "url": "https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ehang-secures-production-certificate-caac-clearing-path-mass" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2023, December 21). EH216-S passenger-carrying UAV system obtains standard airworthiness certificate from CAAC. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eh216-s-passenger-carrying-uav-system-obtains-standard/", "url": "https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/eh216-s-passenger-carrying-uav-system-obtains-standard/" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2023, October 13). EHang successfully obtains type certificate for EH216-S passenger-carrying UAV system issued by Civil Aviation Administration of China. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ehang-successfully-obtains-type-certificate-eh216-s-passenger/", "url": "https://ir.ehang.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ehang-successfully-obtains-type-certificate-eh216-s-passenger/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "japan", "name": "Japan", "region": "East Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "MLIT/JCAB; METI", "stage": "Advanced roadmap/certification", "score": 5, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "High", "korean": "Medium", "us_eu_other": "High" }, "foreign_firms": [ "SkyDrive", "Joby", "Archer", "Boeing", "Lilium" ], "domestic_firms": [ "SkyDrive", "Honda", "ANA", "JAL", "AirMobility Inc." ], "use_cases": [ "urban/regional mobility", "Expo legacy", "tourism", "disaster response" ], "investment_summary": "METI revised AAM roadmap in March 2026 with commercial operations expected in 2027-2028; SkyDrive pursuing certification.", "key_observation": "Key non-Chinese Asian AAM governance leader.", "summary": "Japan is one of Asia’s most institutionally prepared AAM jurisdictions and remains the leading non-Chinese case in terms of regulatory planning. The revised March 2026 national roadmap and Concept of Operations set out a pathway toward commercial services in 2027–2028, remotely piloted passenger transport in the early 2030s, and partially automated or autonomous operations later in that decade. SkyDrive’s Approved Design Organization certification, the ANA–Joby partnership, Marubeni-led route planning, and development of the OSAKAKO vertiport hub demonstrate progress across certification, operations, and infrastructure. Japan has therefore moved beyond general experimentation toward structured implementation, although the commercial viability of proposed services, infrastructure costs, and passenger demand remain uncertain.", "sources": [ { "citation": "ANA Holdings. (2025). ANA Holdings, Joby plan to accelerate air taxi deployment in Japan. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.anahd.co.jp/group/en/pr/202508/20250805-3.html", "url": "https://www.anahd.co.jp/group/en/pr/202508/20250805-3.html" }, { "citation": "Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. (2026, March 27). Advanced Air Mobility Roadmap Revised. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2026/0327_002.html", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/english/press/2026/0327_002.html" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2026). SkyDrive. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2026, April 19). SkyDrive becomes Japan's first eVTOL developer to earn Approved Design Organization (ADO) certification. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/18082", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/18082" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2026, May 8). Leveraging the legacy of the 2025 Osaka Expo. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/18273", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/18273" }, { "citation": "eVTOL Insights. (2026, April 20). SkyDrive becomes Japan’s first eVTOL developer to earn “Approved Design Organization” (ADO) certification. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://evtolinsights.com/skydrive-becomes-japans-first-evtol-developer-to-earn-approved-design-organization-ado-certification/", "url": "https://evtolinsights.com/skydrive-becomes-japans-first-evtol-developer-to-earn-approved-design-organization-ado-certification/" }, { "citation": "eVTOL Insights. (2026, February 4). Vertical Aerospace advances Japan commercialisation with Marubeni via electric air taxi routes. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://evtolinsights.com/vertical-aerospace-advances-japan-commercialisation-with-marubeni-via-electric-air-taxi-routes/", "url": "https://evtolinsights.com/vertical-aerospace-advances-japan-commercialisation-with-marubeni-via-electric-air-taxi-routes/" }, { "citation": "Marubeni Corporation. (2026). Marubeni's initiative with Osaka Prefecture and Osaka City toward commercial operation of Advanced Air Mobility. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.marubeni.com/en/news/2026/info/00010.html", "url": "https://www.marubeni.com/en/news/2026/info/00010.html" }, { "citation": "Soracle Corporation. (2026, March 7). OSAKAKO Vertiport operational hub release. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.soraclecorp.com/en/press/260307en/", "url": "https://www.soraclecorp.com/en/press/260307en/" }, { "citation": "HeliHub. (2025, November 26). SkyDrive and Joby to join eVTOL implementation project in Tokyo. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.helihub.com/2025/11/26/skydrive-and-joby-to-join-evtol-implementation-project-in-tokyo/", "url": "https://www.helihub.com/2025/11/26/skydrive-and-joby-to-join-evtol-implementation-project-in-tokyo/" }, { "citation": "Joby Aviation. (2025, August 5). ANA and Joby expand partnership to launch air taxis in Japan. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/ana-holdings-joby-plan-to-accelerate-air-taxi-deployment-in-japan-will-hold-demonstration-flights-at-expo-2025-osaka-kansai-japan", "url": "https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/ana-holdings-joby-plan-to-accelerate-air-taxi-deployment-in-japan-will-hold-demonstration-flights-at-expo-2025-osaka-kansai-japan" }, { "citation": "The Asahi Shimbun. (2026, June 30). JAL to repay over 200 million yen in flying car subsidy scandal. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16685415", "url": "https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/16685415" }, { "citation": "Japan Drone / International Advanced Air Mobility Expo. (2026). Japan Drone 2026 / International Advanced Air Mobility Expo. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://ssl.japan-drone.com/en_la/", "url": "https://ssl.japan-drone.com/en_la/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-30" }, { "id": "south-korea", "name": "South Korea", "region": "East Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "MOLIT; K-UAM Team Korea", "stage": "Advanced demonstration/roadmap", "score": 5, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Medium", "korean": "High", "us_eu_other": "High" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Joby", "Supernal", "Archer" ], "domestic_firms": [ "Hyundai/Supernal", "Korean Air", "SK Telecom", "Hanwha Systems", "Korea Airports Corp." ], "use_cases": [ "urban air taxi", "airport-city corridors", "telecom/UTM" ], "investment_summary": "K-UAM roadmap and Grand Challenge; Joby completed flight tests under K-UAM Grand Challenge.", "key_observation": "One of the most structured public-private UAM programs in Asia.", "summary": "South Korea has developed one of the world’s most comprehensive and coordinated AAM initiatives and arguably possesses the most structured national implementation program outside China. Guided by the K-UAM Roadmap and K-UAM Grand Challenge, the initiative is led by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and brings together aviation, telecommunications, infrastructure, and mobility stakeholders. Major domestic participants include Hyundai/Supernal, Korean Air, SK Telecom, and Hanwha Systems, while Joby and other international firms have taken part in demonstration activities. Flight testing under the Grand Challenge and Korean Air’s verified integrated UAM demonstration indicate substantial operational preparation, although aircraft certification pathways and the transition from demonstrations to regular service remain incomplete.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Republic of Korea Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport. (2024, December 11). K-UAM policy status [PowerPoint slides]. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/APAC/Meetings/2024/2024%20UAS-RPAS%20Webinar2/5-Presentations/3-ROK-241211_K-UAM-Policy-Status_PT_Final-ICAO-atae-seojeongseog.pdf", "url": "https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/APAC/Meetings/2024/2024%20UAS-RPAS%20Webinar2/5-Presentations/3-ROK-241211_K-UAM-Policy-Status_PT_Final-ICAO-atae-seojeongseog.pdf" }, { "citation": "HeliHub. (2025, November 11). Korean Air completes Korea's first verified UAM flight demonstration. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.helihub.com/?p=215622", "url": "https://www.helihub.com/?p=215622" }, { "citation": "Joby Aviation. (2023, September 24). SK Telecom and Joby Aviation sign collaboration agreement for K-UAM Grand Challenge. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/sk-telecom-and-joby-aviation-sign-collaboration-agreement-for-k-uam-grand-challenge", "url": "https://www.jobyaviation.com/news/sk-telecom-and-joby-aviation-sign-collaboration-agreement-for-k-uam-grand-challenge" }, { "citation": "Joby Aviation, Inc. (2024, December 13). Joby becomes first company to fly in Korea’s K-UAM Grand Challenge. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://ir.jobyaviation.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/120/joby-becomes-first-company-to-fly-in-koreas-k-uam-grand", "url": "https://ir.jobyaviation.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/120/joby-becomes-first-company-to-fly-in-koreas-k-uam-grand" }, { "citation": "Asia Economy. (2024, December 16). Korea Airports Corporation, SKT, and Joby complete UAM demonstration. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.asiae.co.kr/realtime/sokbo_viewNew.htm?idxno=2024121615101665234", "url": "https://www.asiae.co.kr/realtime/sokbo_viewNew.htm?idxno=2024121615101665234" }, { "citation": "Suart, G. (2024, April 25). First round of UAM demonstrations in Korea “successfully completed.” Urban Air Mobility News. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/uam-infrastructure/urban-air-mobility-on-approach-with-k-uam-one-teams-successful-validation/", "url": "https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/uam-infrastructure/urban-air-mobility-on-approach-with-k-uam-one-teams-successful-validation/" }, { "citation": "Unmanned Airspace. (2021, April 1). Korea publishes new urban air mobility roadmap. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.unmannedairspace.info/urban-air-mobility/korea-publishes-new-urban-air-mobility-roadmap/", "url": "https://www.unmannedairspace.info/urban-air-mobility/korea-publishes-new-urban-air-mobility-roadmap/" }, { "citation": "Korea Newswire. (2023, February 22). The first step for demonstrating K-UAM with 46 companies. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.koreanewswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=961979", "url": "https://www.koreanewswire.co.kr/newsRead.php?no=961979" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "taiwan", "name": "Taiwan", "region": "East Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "CAA Taiwan", "stage": "Emerging/testing", "score": 3, "tier": "Tier 2", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No public pathway identified" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Medium", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Medium" }, "foreign_firms": [ "SkyDrive", "7A Drones" ], "domestic_firms": [ "7A Drones", "AIDC/local drone sector" ], "use_cases": [ "drones", "potential island/regional mobility" ], "investment_summary": "SkyDrive reached understanding/partnership with 7A Drones; AAM readiness is more market/partner-led than regulator-led.", "key_observation": "Potentially relevant as a Japanese-linked market.", "summary": "Taiwan should no longer be characterized as being only at an early developmental stage. Its AAM prospects are supported by a formal unmanned-vehicle experimentation framework covering air, land, and maritime systems, a national program to strengthen the drone industry through 2030, and a strong electronics, aerospace, and applied-research base. The SkyDrive–7A Drones–Industrial Technology Research Institute project for medical transport in Penghu, together with a letter of intent for ten SkyDrive aircraft and proposed deliveries beginning in 2028, represents one of the more concrete project pipelines among the region’s emerging markets. Nevertheless, Taiwan has not yet published a dedicated national AAM roadmap or passenger-eVTOL certification pathway, conducted a documented eVTOL demonstration flight, or begun developing operational vertiport infrastructure. It is therefore best understood as an upper-middle emerging AAM market with strong enabling capacity but limited implementation to date.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Administration, Ministry of Transportation and Communications. (2026). Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.caa.gov.tw/", "url": "https://www.caa.gov.tw/" }, { "citation": "Executive Yuan. (2025, October 29). Developing the Drone Industry. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/07bcbd8d-3929-416e-8bfd-c2f17847cad5/", "url": "https://english.ey.gov.tw/News3/9E5540D592A5FECD/07bcbd8d-3929-416e-8bfd-c2f17847cad5/" }, { "citation": "Laws & Regulations Database of the Republic of China (Taiwan). (2018). Unmanned Vehicles Technology Innovative Expirmentation Act. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0030147", "url": "https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0030147" }, { "citation": "AeroMorning. (2026, February 13). SkyDrive reaches general understanding with 7A Drones. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://aeromorning.com/en/skydrive-reaches-general-understanding-with-7a-drones/", "url": "https://aeromorning.com/en/skydrive-reaches-general-understanding-with-7a-drones/" }, { "citation": "Aviation International News. (2026, February 13). Taiwan start-up plans SkyDrive SD-05 eVTOL services to connect islands. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2026-02-13/7a-drones-signs-ten-skydrive-sd-05-aircraft", "url": "https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2026-02-13/7a-drones-signs-ten-skydrive-sd-05-aircraft" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2025, May 8). SkyDrive, 7A Drones, and ITRI partner to pioneer eVTOL medical transport in Penghu, Taiwan. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/15479", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/15479" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "singapore", "name": "Singapore", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "CAAS", "stage": "Advanced governance/standards", "score": 5, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "High", "us_eu_other": "High" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Supernal/Hyundai", "global aerospace firms" ], "domestic_firms": [ "ST Engineering", "CAAS/EDB ecosystem" ], "use_cases": [ "regional governance", "urban/airport use cases", "MRO" ], "investment_summary": "CAAS and EDB strategic partnership with Supernal; Singapore is rule-shaper/testbed for AAM in APAC.", "key_observation": "Best governance benchmark in ASEAN.", "summary": "Singapore has emerged as an important regional rule-shaper and prospective AAM hub despite its small domestic market. Partnerships involving the Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore, the Singapore Economic Development Board, and Supernal, together with plans to use Seletar Aerospace Park as an AAM ecosystem and infrastructure base, demonstrate a deliberate strategy focused on regulation, standards, industry coordination, and international connectivity. Singapore’s institutional capacity and influence in regional aviation governance place it among the Asia-Pacific’s most prepared jurisdictions. However, the current evidence base shows less domestic operational testing than in Thailand or South Korea, and large-scale commercial deployment remains prospective rather than imminent.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore. (2024, February 20). CAAS, EDB and Supernal ink strategic partnerships to develop advanced air mobility in Asia-Pacific region. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.caas.gov.sg/resources/media-and-publication/newsroom/caas-edb-and-supernal-ink-strategic-partnerships-to-develop-advanced-air-mobilit/", "url": "https://www.caas.gov.sg/resources/media-and-publication/newsroom/caas-edb-and-supernal-ink-strategic-partnerships-to-develop-advanced-air-mobilit/" }, { "citation": "Singapore Economic Development Board. (2024, February 21). CAAS, EDB and Supernal ink strategic partnerships to develop advanced air mobility in Asia-Pacific region. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/caas-edb-and-supernal-ink-strategic-partnerships-to-develop-advanced-air-mobility-in-asia-pacific-region.html", "url": "https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/caas-edb-and-supernal-ink-strategic-partnerships-to-develop-advanced-air-mobility-in-asia-pacific-region.html" }, { "citation": "Singapore Economic Development Board. (2022, February 15). Seletar Aerospace Park to support Advanced Air Mobility growth. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb-en/about-edb/media-releases/news/seletar-aerospace-park-to-support-advanced-air-mobility-growth/Press%20Release%20-%20Seletar%20Aerospace%20Park%20to%20Support%20Advanced%20Air%20Mobility%20Growth.pdf", "url": "https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/dam/edb-en/about-edb/media-releases/news/seletar-aerospace-park-to-support-advanced-air-mobility-growth/Press%20Release%20-%20Seletar%20Aerospace%20Park%20to%20Support%20Advanced%20Air%20Mobility%20Growth.pdf" }, { "citation": "Singapore Economic Development Board. (2022, February 15). Seletar Aerospace Park to support Advanced Air Mobility growth. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/seletar-aerospace-park-to-support-advanced-air-mobility-growth.html", "url": "https://www.edb.gov.sg/en/about-edb/media-releases-publications/seletar-aerospace-park-to-support-advanced-air-mobility-growth.html" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "malaysia", "name": "Malaysia", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "CAAM; Futurise", "stage": "ConOps/sandbox development", "score": 4, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Planned", "level": 1, "raw": "Planned" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Medium", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Medium" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Foreign AAM entities under market assessment" ], "domestic_firms": [ "Aerodyne", "Futurise ecosystem" ], "use_cases": [ "urban mobility", "logistics", "drone economy" ], "investment_summary": "CAAM/Futurise preparing AAM ConOps and steering committee; target Q1 2026 was reported in 2025.", "key_observation": "Fast institutional progress but implementation needs tracking.", "summary": "Malaysia has made meaningful progress toward establishing an AAM governance framework through initiatives led by the Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia and Futurise. Official announcements in 2025 set out plans for an AAM Concept of Operations and regulatory sandbox, while Malaysia’s submissions to ICAO demonstrate active governmental preparation and engagement with regional regulatory discussions. These initiatives indicate stronger institutional commitment than is evident in most ASEAN states. However, the available sources do not clearly confirm that the planned final Concept of Operations was published by the first quarter of 2026, and Malaysia has yet to demonstrate large-scale flight testing, infrastructure deployment, or a substantial commercial project pipeline. It should therefore be treated as a policy-active emerging market rather than an operational leader.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia. (n.d.). Official website of Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.caam.gov.my/", "url": "https://www.caam.gov.my/" }, { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia. (2025, September 11). CAAM and Futurise to launch Advanced Air Mobility Concept of Operations by Q1 2026. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.caam.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/NR-CAAM-Futurise-To-Launch-AAM-Concept-of-Operations-by-Q1-2026.pdf", "url": "https://www.caam.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/NR-CAAM-Futurise-To-Launch-AAM-Concept-of-Operations-by-Q1-2026.pdf" }, { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Malaysia. (n.d.). Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS). Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.caam.gov.my/public/unmanned-aircraft-system-uas/", "url": "https://www.caam.gov.my/public/unmanned-aircraft-system-uas/" }, { "citation": "International Civil Aviation Organization. (2025). Malaysia's preparation for advanced air mobility implementation. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/Meetings/a42/Documents/WP/wp_566_en.pdf", "url": "https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/Meetings/a42/Documents/WP/wp_566_en.pdf" }, { "citation": "Unmanned Airspace. (2025, September 15). Malaysia fast-tracks AAM entry with ConOps and regulatory sandbox. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.unmannedairspace.info/uncategorized/malaysia-fast-tracks-aam-entry-with-conops-and-regulatory-sandbox/", "url": "https://www.unmannedairspace.info/uncategorized/malaysia-fast-tracks-aam-entry-with-conops-and-regulatory-sandbox/" }, { "citation": "Żmudzińska, K. (2025, September 15). CAAM & FUTURISE to launch advanced air mobility Concept Of Operations by 1st quarter of 2026. Global Airspace Radar. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://globalairspaceradar.com/news/caam-futurise-to-launch-advanced-air-mobility-concept-of-operations-by-1st-quarter-of-2026/", "url": "https://globalairspaceradar.com/news/caam-futurise-to-launch-advanced-air-mobility-concept-of-operations-by-1st-quarter-of-2026/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "thailand", "name": "Thailand", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "CAAT", "stage": "Sandbox/demonstration", "score": 4, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "High", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "High", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [ "EHang" ], "domestic_firms": [ "CAAT", "SCG/local partners" ], "use_cases": [ "urban air taxi", "tourism", "regional aviation hub" ], "investment_summary": "EHang Thailand AAM sandbox with CAAT; human-carrying pilotless eVTOL demonstration in Bangkok in 2025.", "key_observation": "Most visible Chinese eVTOL foothold in ASEAN.", "summary": "Thailand has become one of Southeast Asia’s most operationally active AAM markets through close cooperation between the Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand, domestic partners, and EHang. The launch of an AAM sandbox in 2025, followed by pilotless human-carrying urban demonstration flights in Bangkok with the CAAT Director General aboard, moved Thailand beyond promotional displays toward regulator-supervised experimentation. Further government engagement and a March 2026 memorandum concerning new aircraft types for urban air mobility indicate an intention to develop supporting rules and commercial pathways. Thailand now ranks among the region’s leading AAM test environments, although its regulatory framework remains under development and current progress is heavily concentrated around a single foreign aircraft manufacturer.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand. (2026, March 20). CAAT witnessed the signing of an MOU on the use of new aircraft types for urban air mobility. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.caat.or.th/en/caat-media/200044/", "url": "https://www.caat.or.th/en/caat-media/200044/" }, { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Thailand. (2025, November 27). CAAT demonstrates eVTOL flight at SCG headquarters to showcase Thailand’s advancing aviation capabilities. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.caat.or.th/en/caat-media/191708/", "url": "https://www.caat.or.th/en/caat-media/191708/" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2026, March 20). EHang meets with Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister, Ministry of Transport, and Civil Aviation Authority to accelerate commercial eVTOL ecosystem development in Thailand. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1361.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1361.html" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2025, November 25). EHang’s Thailand AAM sandbox reaches landmark: First urban sandbox human-carrying flight of pilotless eVTOL with CAAT Director-General aboard. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1312.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1312.html" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2025, October 15). EHang launches AAM sandbox initiative in Thailand. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1293.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1293.html" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2025, March 30). EHang's EH216-S eVTOL operators obtain air operator certificates. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1196.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1196.html" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (n.d.). EHang. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/" }, { "citation": "International Civil Aviation Organization. (2026). Second Advanced Air Mobility Symposium (AAM 2026). Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.icao.int/events/second-advanced-air-mobility-symposium-aam-2026", "url": "https://www.icao.int/events/second-advanced-air-mobility-symposium-aam-2026" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "indonesia", "name": "Indonesia", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "DGCA Indonesia", "stage": "Framework development/demos", "score": 4, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "High", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "Yes", "level": 4, "raw": "Yes" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "High", "japanese": "Medium", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [ "EHang", "Terra Drone" ], "domestic_firms": [ "Prestige Aviation", "local operators" ], "use_cases": [ "archipelagic mobility", "tourism", "logistics", "emergency response" ], "investment_summary": "EHang conducted pilotless passenger-carrying demo flights; Terra Drone active in UTM/drone services.", "key_observation": "Strategic archipelagic market; Chinese and Japanese activity visible.", "summary": "Indonesia has moved beyond being merely a prospective test market and is beginning to develop a more explicit AAM regulatory agenda. In 2025, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation presented a framework for integrating unmanned aircraft systems and AAM into the national aviation system, while EHang completed human-carrying demonstration flights and Archer identified Indonesia as a prospective launch market. Indonesia’s archipelagic geography, congested cities, and large domestic market create a strong potential use case for regional, urban, and emergency mobility. Nevertheless, a fully articulated national AAM roadmap, aircraft-certification pathway, and supporting infrastructure program have not yet been demonstrated, leaving implementation at an emerging rather than advanced stage.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Directorate General of Civil Aviation of Indonesia. (2025, November 20). AAM regulatory framework [PowerPoint slides]. International Civil Aviation Organization. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/APAC/Meetings/2025/2025%20Innovation%20Workshop/03%20-%20Presentations%20-%2020%20November%202025/RPAS%20Ecosystem%20-%20AAM%20Regulatory%20Framework.pdf", "url": "https://www.icao.int/sites/default/files/APAC/Meetings/2025/2025%20Innovation%20Workshop/03%20-%20Presentations%20-%2020%20November%202025/RPAS%20Ecosystem%20-%20AAM%20Regulatory%20Framework.pdf" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (n.d.). EHang | Autonomous Aerial Vehicle (AAV) Innovator for Urban Air Mobility (UAM). Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/" }, { "citation": "EHang Holdings Limited. (2025, June 25). EH216-S pilotless eVTOL completes debut human-carrying flights in Indonesia. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ehang.com/news/1241.html", "url": "https://www.ehang.com/news/1241.html" }, { "citation": "Terra Drone Corporation. (n.d.). Terra Drone株式会社｜テラドローン. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://terra-drone.net/", "url": "https://terra-drone.net/" }, { "citation": "Ascendance. (2025, April 22). Ascendance and PhilJets partner to revolutionize regional air mobility in the Philippines. Vertical Mag. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/ascendance-and-philjets-partner-to-revolutionize-regional-air-mobility-in-the-philippines/", "url": "https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/ascendance-and-philjets-partner-to-revolutionize-regional-air-mobility-in-the-philippines/" }, { "citation": "Urban Air Mobility News. (2025, June 16). Archer adds Indonesia to list of Midnight eVTOL launch-edition countries. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/air-taxis/paris-air-show-2025-archer-adds-indonesia-to-list-of-midnight-evtol-launch-edition-countries/", "url": "https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/air-taxis/paris-air-show-2025-archer-adds-indonesia-to-list-of-midnight-evtol-launch-edition-countries/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "philippines", "name": "Philippines", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "CAAP", "stage": "Drone rules/commercial AAM interest", "score": 3, "tier": "Tier 2", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No public pathway identified" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Planned", "level": 1, "raw": "Planned" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "High" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Lilium", "Ascendance" ], "domestic_firms": [ "PhilJets" ], "use_cases": [ "regional island mobility", "premium travel", "tourism" ], "investment_summary": "PhilJets agreements/LOIs with Lilium and Ascendance; CAAP RPAS rules more mature than eVTOL framework.", "key_observation": "Commercial interest is ahead of regulatory maturity.", "summary": "The Philippines has attracted notable international interest through partnerships involving PhilJets and Ascendance, reflecting growing investor confidence in future AAM opportunities. However, in regard to the Lilium–PhilJets MoU, announced February 2024, which proposed a ten-aircraft fleet and regional operating network, this project should be considered effectively inactive following Lilium’s insolvency and asset disposal. The Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines has developed relatively mature drone regulations, but dedicated eVTOL and AAM governance frameworks remain limited. The country's fragmented geography creates a strong business case for regional air mobility services, suggesting considerable future potential if regulatory modernization continues.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines. (n.d.). RPAS regulations. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.caap.gov.ph/rpas-regulations/", "url": "https://www.caap.gov.ph/rpas-regulations/" }, { "citation": "Crismundo, K. (2024, February 20). German firm eyes PH as takeoff point for 'flying cars' in ASEAN. Philippine News Agency. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1219148 (hyperlink not active on website)", "url": "https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1219148" }, { "citation": "Terra Drone Corporation. (n.d.). Terra Drone株式会社｜テラドローン. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://terra-drone.net/", "url": "https://terra-drone.net/" }, { "citation": "Ascendance. (2025, April 22). Ascendance and PhilJets partner to revolutionize regional air mobility in the Philippines. Vertical Mag. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/ascendance-and-philjets-partner-to-revolutionize-regional-air-mobility-in-the-philippines/", "url": "https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/ascendance-and-philjets-partner-to-revolutionize-regional-air-mobility-in-the-philippines/" }, { "citation": "Daleo, J. (2024, February 19). Lilium partners with PhilJets for electric jets in Philippines, Southeast Asia. FLYING Magazine. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.flyingmag.com/lilium-partners-with-philjets-for-electric-jets-in-philippines-southeast-asia/", "url": "https://www.flyingmag.com/lilium-partners-with-philjets-for-electric-jets-in-philippines-southeast-asia/" }, { "citation": "Aviation International News. (2024, February 20). Business aviation group PhilJets to operate Lilium's eVTOL aircraft. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2024-02-20/philjets-operate-10-liliums-evtol-aircraft", "url": "https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2024-02-20/philjets-operate-10-liliums-evtol-aircraft" }, { "citation": "Aviation International News. (2025, February 21). Lilium closes eVTOL business as new investment falls through. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2025-02-21/lilium-closes-evtol-business-new-investment-falls-through", "url": "https://www.ainonline.com/aviation-news/futureflight/2025-02-21/lilium-closes-evtol-business-new-investment-falls-through" }, { "citation": "AeroTime. (2025, February 23). Operations stop at Lilium as eVTOL firm files for insolvency. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/evtol-lilium-jet-aerospace-insolvency", "url": "https://www.aerotime.aero/articles/evtol-lilium-jet-aerospace-insolvency" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "vietnam", "name": "Vietnam", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "CAAV", "stage": "Commercial interest/limited framework", "score": 3, "tier": "Tier 2", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No public pathway identified" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "High", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [ "SkyDrive", "Pacific Group", "CT UAV" ], "domestic_firms": [ "CT UAV/CT Group" ], "use_cases": [ "urban mobility", "congestion relief", "vertiport planning" ], "investment_summary": "SkyDrive pre-orders in Vietnam reached up to 200 units through CT UAV and Pacific Group; regulatory path not yet clear.", "key_observation": "Japanese firm footprint is significant.", "summary": "Vietnam has attracted substantial headline interest through two SkyDrive arrangements: a pre-order of up to 100 aircraft by CT UAV and an earlier pre-order of up to 100 aircraft by Pacific Group. These agreements signal domestic corporate interest and potentially significant future demand, but they should be treated as pre-orders rather than delivered investment, certified operations, or firm fleet deployment. Vietnam has not yet published a dedicated national AAM strategy, certification pathway, regulatory sandbox, or vertiport program, and there is little evidence of regulator-supervised eVTOL testing. Vietnam is therefore a commercially promising but institutionally early market whose future progress will depend on translating corporate announcements into regulatory and infrastructure development.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam. (n.d.). Civil Aviation Authority of Vietnam. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://caa.gov.vn/", "url": "https://caa.gov.vn/" }, { "citation": "Vertical Magazine. (2023, July 21). SkyDrive receives pre-order of up to 100 eVTOL aircraft from CT UAV JSC in Vietnam. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/skydrive-receives-pre-order-of-up-to-100-evtol-aircraft-from-ct-uav-jsc-in-vietnam/", "url": "https://verticalmag.com/press-releases/skydrive-receives-pre-order-of-up-to-100-evtol-aircraft-from-ct-uav-jsc-in-vietnam/" }, { "citation": "eVTOL Insights. (2023, July 24). CT UAV in Vietnam pre-orders 100 eVTOL aircraft from SkyDrive. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://evtolinsights.com/ct-uav-in-vietnam-pre-orders-100-evtol-aircraft-from-skydrive/", "url": "https://evtolinsights.com/ct-uav-in-vietnam-pre-orders-100-evtol-aircraft-from-skydrive/" }, { "citation": "CT Group. (2023, July 18). CT UAV orders 100 eVTOL aircraft from SkyDrive. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://ctgroupvietnam.com/en/ct-uav-orders-100-evtol-aircraft-from-skydrive-2/", "url": "https://ctgroupvietnam.com/en/ct-uav-orders-100-evtol-aircraft-from-skydrive-2/" }, { "citation": "CT UAV. (n.d.). About CT UAV. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://ctuav.global/en/about-ct-uav/", "url": "https://ctuav.global/en/about-ct-uav/" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2023, July 21). SkyDrive receives pre-order of up to 100 eVTOL aircraft from CT UAV JSC in Vietnam. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/9765", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/9765" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (2022, November 28). SkyDrive receives pre-order of up to 100 flying vehicles from Pacific Group. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/8270", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/archives/8270" }, { "citation": "SkyDrive Inc. (n.d.). SkyDrive. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://skydrive.co.jp/en/", "url": "https://skydrive.co.jp/en/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "brunei", "name": "Brunei", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "DCA Brunei", "stage": "Drone-focused/early", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [], "domestic_firms": [], "use_cases": [ "inspection", "public services" ], "investment_summary": "UAS registration/operations visible; no dedicated AAM framework identified.", "key_observation": "Low visibility market.", "summary": "Brunei’s aviation governance framework currently focuses on drone registration and operational approval rather than dedicated AAM regulation. The Department of Civil Aviation has established basic procedures for unmanned aircraft, but the available sources provide little evidence of significant eVTOL investment, demonstration activity, infrastructure planning, or a national AAM strategy. Brunei could eventually use AAM technologies for specialized services and regional connectivity, but development remains at a very early stage.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Department of Civil Aviation, Brunei Darussalam. (n.d.). Guidance and advisory publications. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.dca.gov.bn/Site%20Pages/Aerodrome%20Certification/Guidance%20and%20Advisory%20Publications.aspx", "url": "https://www.dca.gov.bn/Site%20Pages/Aerodrome%20Certification/Guidance%20and%20Advisory%20Publications.aspx" }, { "citation": "Department of Civil Aviation, Brunei Darussalam. (n.d.). Unmanned aircraft registration guide. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.dca.gov.bn/Site%20Pages/Unmanned%20Aircraft%20Registration%20Guide.aspx", "url": "https://www.dca.gov.bn/Site%20Pages/Unmanned%20Aircraft%20Registration%20Guide.aspx" }, { "citation": "Land Transport Department, Brunei Darussalam. (2015, August 13). Press release. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.jpd.gov.bn/SitePages/Press%20Release.aspx", "url": "https://www.jpd.gov.bn/SitePages/Press%20Release.aspx" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "cambodia", "name": "Cambodia", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "State Secretariat of Civil Aviation", "stage": "Drone/general aviation only", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Possible Lilium/PhilJets regional ambition included Cambodia" ], "domestic_firms": [ "Local aviation operators" ], "use_cases": [ "tourism", "regional mobility" ], "investment_summary": "No dedicated AAM framework identified; watch regional spillover from Philippines/Lilium plans.", "key_observation": "Could become a tourism route market if operator-led.", "summary": "Cambodia has not established a dedicated AAM regulatory framework, and the available evidence does not identify a substantive eVTOL investment or demonstration project. Aviation governance remains focused on conventional aviation and the control of drone operations, including restrictive measures and temporary bans in sensitive urban areas. Earlier regional announcements associated with Lilium should not be interpreted as Cambodia-specific investment and have become less relevant following the company’s insolvency. Future AAM adoption is therefore likely to depend on regional diffusion and a substantial expansion of domestic regulatory and infrastructure capacity.", "sources": [ { "citation": "State Secretariat of Civil Aviation (n.d.). https://www.civilaviation.gov.kh/", "url": "https://www.civilaviation.gov.kh/" }, { "citation": "Daleo, J. (2024, February 19). Lilium partners with PhilJets for electric jets in Philippines, Southeast Asia. FLYING Magazine. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.flyingmag.com/lilium-partners-with-philjets-for-electric-jets-in-philippines-southeast-asia/", "url": "https://www.flyingmag.com/lilium-partners-with-philjets-for-electric-jets-in-philippines-southeast-asia/" }, { "citation": "Khmer Times. (2025, December 17). Phnom Penh authorities impose total ban on drone use across the capital. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501810151/phnom-penh-authorities-impose-total-ban-on-drone-use-across-the-capital/", "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501810151/phnom-penh-authorities-impose-total-ban-on-drone-use-across-the-capital/" }, { "citation": "Khmer Times. (2023, July 14). Flying drones in Cambodia. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501324165/flying-drones-in-cambodia/", "url": "https://www.khmertimeskh.com/501324165/flying-drones-in-cambodia/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "laos", "name": "Laos", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "Department of Civil Aviation Laos", "stage": "Drone/import rules", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [], "domestic_firms": [], "use_cases": [ "remote logistics", "public services" ], "investment_summary": "UAV rules/licensing visible; no dedicated AAM framework identified.", "key_observation": "Likely early drone/logistics rather than passenger AAM.", "summary": "Laos remains at a preliminary stage of AAM development. Existing rules address the licensing, importation, and radio-frequency approval of unmanned aircraft, but they do not amount to a dedicated AAM strategy or passenger-eVTOL framework. There is little evidence of significant investment, flight-testing programs, certification planning, or infrastructure development. Although the country’s geography could eventually create demand for aerial logistics and connectivity services, institutional and infrastructure constraints currently limit progress.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Department of Civil Aviation of the Lao PDR. (n.d.). Home. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.dcal.gov.la/", "url": "https://www.dcal.gov.la/" }, { "citation": "Lao Trade Portal. (2020, September 11). Import permit requirement for unmanned aircraft or drone of over 200 grams of weight. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/search-measure/view/906", "url": "https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/search-measure/view/906" }, { "citation": "Lao Trade Portal. (2019, July 2). Instruction on frequency wave certification for unmanned aircraft system or drone. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/site/display/1849", "url": "https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/site/display/1849" }, { "citation": "Lao Trade Portal. (2019, July 2). Unmanned aircraft system or drones weighing more than 200g are required to be licensed. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/site/display/1861", "url": "https://www.laotradeportal.gov.la/en-gb/site/display/1861" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "myanmar", "name": "Myanmar", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "DCA Myanmar", "stage": "Drone/basic rules; constrained environment", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [], "domestic_firms": [], "use_cases": [ "limited civil use" ], "investment_summary": "No dedicated AAM framework identified; operating environment is politically constrained.", "key_observation": "Very low near-term civil AAM readiness.", "summary": "Myanmar has not developed a dedicated AAM framework, and ongoing political instability significantly constrains investment, innovation, and regulatory modernization. Although conventional aviation oversight and controls on drone operations exist, the available sources provide little evidence of meaningful eVTOL investment, testing, certification planning, or infrastructure development. Political, security, and economic conditions are likely to remain the principal barriers to sector development in the near term.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Department of Civil Aviation Myanmar. (n.d.). DCA-Myanmar. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.dca.gov.mm", "url": "https://www.dca.gov.mm" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "timor-leste", "name": "Timor-Leste", "region": "Southeast Asia", "asean": true, "regulator": "Civil Aviation Authority/ANATL", "stage": "Early/no visible AAM", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [], "domestic_firms": [], "use_cases": [ "remote/island logistics" ], "investment_summary": "No dedicated AAM framework identified; relevant for future island logistics but limited capacity.", "key_observation": "Included for regional completeness.", "summary": "Timor-Leste remains at the earliest stage of AAM development, with no dedicated regulatory framework, significant investment activity, or demonstration program identified. The country’s dispersed population, difficult terrain, and transport-connectivity challenges could eventually create useful applications for drone logistics or regional aerial mobility. At present, however, limited institutional capacity, infrastructure, and market scale make near-term implementation unlikely.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Government of Timor-Leste. (n.d.). Civil aviation. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://timor-leste.gov.tl/?lang=en&p=1832", "url": "https://timor-leste.gov.tl/?lang=en&p=1832" }, { "citation": "Government of Timor-Leste. (n.d.). Government of Timor-Leste. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://timor-leste.gov.tl", "url": "https://timor-leste.gov.tl" }, { "citation": "Asian Transport Outlook. (2024). Transport and Climate Profile: Timor Leste. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://asiantransportobservatory.org/documents/220/Timor-Leste-transport-and-climate-policy.pdf", "url": "https://asiantransportobservatory.org/documents/220/Timor-Leste-transport-and-climate-policy.pdf" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "india", "name": "India", "region": "South Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "DGCA; MoCA", "stage": "Emerging framework/high market interest", "score": 4, "tier": "Tier 1", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "sandbox": { "label": "Limited", "level": 3, "raw": "Limited" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "Emerging", "level": 2, "raw": "Emerging" }, "vertiport": { "label": "Planned", "level": 1, "raw": "Planned" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "Planned", "level": 1, "raw": "Planned" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "High" }, "foreign_firms": [ "Archer", "InterGlobe", "global suppliers" ], "domestic_firms": [ "ePlane", "InterGlobe/IndiGo ecosystem" ], "use_cases": [ "urban air taxi", "airport transfer", "manufacturing", "congestion relief" ], "investment_summary": "WEF 2026 strategy notes DGCA advisory circulars on vertiports and airworthiness; Archer/InterGlobe planning eVTOL network.", "key_observation": "Large market; key for publication comparison against China/Japan/Korea.", "summary": "India is rapidly emerging as one of the world’s most promising potential AAM markets, supported by a very large urban mobility demand base, growing government attention, and substantial private-sector interest. Partnerships involving Archer and InterGlobe, infrastructure initiatives involving Sarla Aviation and Urban-Air Port, and the World Economic Forum’s 2026 ten-step strategy illustrate the breadth of commercial and policy activity. Government aviation forums have also increasingly incorporated AAM into national industry discussions. However, previously announced launch and trial timelines should be treated as aspirational until supported by completed demonstrations, published certification pathways, and operational vertiport standards. India combines exceptional market potential with a regulatory and infrastructure framework that is still emerging.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Ministry of Civil Aviation. (n.d.). Wings India 2026, Asia’s largest event on civil aviation, brings together the best of commercial, general and business aviation, along with next generation technology such as advanced air mobility and sustainable aviation. Retrieved July 12, 2026, from https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/node/6644", "url": "https://www.civilaviation.gov.in/node/6644" }, { "citation": "World Economic Forum. (2026, February 14). Activating advanced air mobility in India: A 10-step strategy. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Activating_Advanced_Air_Mobility_in_India_A_10-Step_Strategy_2026.pdf", "url": "https://reports.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Activating_Advanced_Air_Mobility_in_India_A_10-Step_Strategy_2026.pdf" }, { "citation": "Ola Institute. (2024, October). Skybound India: Building a sustainable future with advanced air mobility. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://olawebcdn.com/ola-institute/Skybound_India_Building_a_Sustainable_Future_with_Advanced_Air_Mobility.pdf", "url": "https://olawebcdn.com/ola-institute/Skybound_India_Building_a_Sustainable_Future_with_Advanced_Air_Mobility.pdf" }, { "citation": "Urban Air Mobility News. (2026, June 23). Urban-Air Port and Sarla Aviation partner to develop advanced air mobility projects in India. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/uam-infrastructure/urban-air-port-sarla-aviation-partner-to-develop-advanced-air-mobility-projects-in-india/", "url": "https://www.urbanairmobilitynews.com/uam-infrastructure/urban-air-port-sarla-aviation-partner-to-develop-advanced-air-mobility-projects-in-india/" }, { "citation": "Archer Aviation Inc. (2023, November 9). InterGlobe Enterprises and Archer Aviation announce plans to launch all-electric air taxi service across India in 2026. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://investors.archer.com/news/news-details/2023/InterGlobe-Enterprises-and-Archer-Aviation-Announce-Plans-to-Launch-All-Electric-Air-Taxi-Service-Across-India-in-2026/default.aspx", "url": "https://investors.archer.com/news/news-details/2023/InterGlobe-Enterprises-and-Archer-Aviation-Announce-Plans-to-Launch-All-Electric-Air-Taxi-Service-Across-India-in-2026/default.aspx" }, { "citation": "Shah, A. (2024, April 19). Archer Aviation aims to start electric air taxi trials in India next year. Reuters. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/archer-aviation-aims-start-electric-air-taxi-trials-india-next-year-2024-04-19/", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/archer-aviation-aims-start-electric-air-taxi-trials-india-next-year-2024-04-19/" }, { "citation": "Business Wire. (2023, November 9). InterGlobe Enterprises and Archer Aviation announce plans to launch all-electric air taxi service across India in 2026. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231109992243/en/InterGlobe-Enterprises-and-Archer-Aviation-Announce-Plans-to-Launch-All-Electric-Air-Taxi-Service-Across-India-in-2026/", "url": "https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231109992243/en/InterGlobe-Enterprises-and-Archer-Aviation-Announce-Plans-to-Launch-All-Electric-Air-Taxi-Service-Across-India-in-2026/" }, { "citation": "Zag Daily. (2025, February 3). Trials for air taxis in India will begin by 2026, says Aviation Minister. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://zagdaily.com/zag-air/trials-for-air-taxis-in-india-will-begin-by-2026-says-aviation-minister/", "url": "https://zagdaily.com/zag-air/trials-for-air-taxis-in-india-will-begin-by-2026-says-aviation-minister/" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" }, { "id": "bangladesh", "name": "Bangladesh", "region": "South Asia", "asean": false, "regulator": "CAAB", "stage": "Drone-focused/very early", "score": 1, "tier": "Tier 3", "china_presence": "Low", "is_china": false, "capabilities": { "cert_pathway": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "sandbox": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "national_strategy": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "vertiport": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "demo_flights": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" }, "passenger_demo": { "label": "No", "level": 0, "raw": "No" } }, "firm_presence": { "chinese": "Low", "japanese": "Low", "korean": "Low", "us_eu_other": "Low" }, "foreign_firms": [], "domestic_firms": [], "use_cases": [ "drone services", "potential emergency/logistics" ], "investment_summary": "No dedicated AAM framework found in scan; dense urban environment could be long-term demand driver.", "key_observation": "Needs periodic scan of CAAB and development partner projects.", "summary": "Bangladesh currently lacks a dedicated AAM regulatory framework and has not attracted a documented eVTOL investment or demonstration project. Existing policy remains focused on applications and restrictions for conventional drones, including controls around airports and temporary flight bans, indicating a safety- and security-oriented approach rather than an enabling AAM strategy. Dense urban conditions and transport congestion, particularly around Dhaka, could eventually create demand for advanced aerial mobility, but regulatory capacity, infrastructure, and commercial engagement remain at an early stage.", "sources": [ { "citation": "Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh. (n.d.). Civil Aviation Authority of Bangladesh. Retrieved June 23, 2026, from https://caab.portal.gov.bd", "url": "https://caab.portal.gov.bd" }, { "citation": "Bangladesh Sangbad Sangstha. (2025, December 23). Drone flights banned at airports and adjacent areas. Retrieved July 7, 2026, from https://www.bssnews.net/news-flash/344475", "url": "https://www.bssnews.net/news-flash/344475" } ], "last_reviewed": "2026-06-09" } ] }